📌 Introduction
The Constitution of India, adopted on 26 January 1950, is the longest written constitution in the world. It defines the framework for government, fundamental rights, directive principles, and duties of citizens.
For UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railways, Defence, and State Exams, learning the important Articles of the Indian Constitution is essential.
This article provides a list of key Articles of the Indian Constitution (2025), divided by categories.
🏛️ Key Articles of the Indian Constitution
🔹 Part I – The Union and Its Territory
- Article 1: India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
- Article 3: Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names.
🔹 Part III – Fundamental Rights
- Article 12–35: Fundamental Rights
- Article 14: Equality before law
- Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination
- Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment
- Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
- Article 19: Six freedoms (speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession)
- Article 21: Right to life and personal liberty
- Article 21A: Right to education
- Article 25–28: Freedom of religion
- Article 32: Remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights (Right to Constitutional Remedies)
🔹 Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSP)
- Article 36–51: Principles for governance
- Article 39: Equal pay for equal work, protection of children
- Article 40: Organization of Village Panchayats
- Article 44: Uniform Civil Code
- Article 48A: Protection of environment
🔹 Part IVA – Fundamental Duties
- Article 51A: List of 11 Fundamental Duties for citizens
🔹 Part V – The Union (Executive, Parliament, Judiciary)
- Article 52: The President of India
- Article 63: The Vice-President of India
- Article 74: Council of Ministers to aid the President
- Article 76: Attorney General of India
- Article 79: Parliament (Lok Sabha & Rajya Sabha)
- Article 110: Definition of Money Bill
- Article 112: Annual Financial Statement (Budget)
- Article 123: President’s Ordinance-making power
- Article 124: Establishment of Supreme Court
- Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG)
🔹 Part VI – The States
- Article 153: Governors of States
- Article 163: Council of Ministers to aid Governor
- Article 165: Advocate General for the State
- Article 200: Governor’s assent to bills
- Article 213: Governor’s Ordinance-making power
🔹 Part IX – Panchayati Raj & Municipalities
- Article 243: Panchayats
- Article 243W: Municipalities
🔹 Emergency Provisions
- Article 352: National Emergency
- Article 356: President’s Rule (State Emergency)
- Article 360: Financial Emergency
📊 Key GK Points
- Total Articles (as of 2025): 470+ (originally 395)
- Total Schedules: 12
- Longest Part: Part V (Union)
- Most Important Article for Citizens: Article 21 (Right to Life)
- Most Important Article for Judiciary: Article 32 (Right to Constitutional Remedies – called the “Heart and Soul of the Constitution” by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar)
📌 Conclusion
The Constitution of India is the backbone of our democracy. For exams, focus on Fundamental Rights, Duties, DPSPs, and Emergency Provisions. These are the most frequently asked in competitive exams.
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